This group was named Al Badar. After March 1971 Dhaka University was without any vice-chancellor. Among them there were Dr. Abul Khayer, Dr. Rafiqul Islam, Dr. K. A. M. Salauddin, Ahsanul Hoque, Giasuddin Ahmed, Jahrul Hoque and M. Shahidullah. Warning, arresting and punishment of teachers, Witness To Surrender: by Siddiq Salik; Chapter: Operation Search Light-1, Annual Report: Dhaka University 1971–72, Dr. Mafijullah Kabir, Martyrs of Liberation. After conceding defeat and accession of the instrument of surrender in 1971, the Indian Army took the responsibility to protect the Pakistan's joint servicemen in East-Pakistan. In the middle of March he read news about death of two students. Collaborator and VC Dr. Syed Sajjad Hussain, Dr. Hasan Zaman and Dr. Mohar Ali were arrested after the liberation of Bangladesh and exiled.[13]. Many of those killed were teachers of Dhaka University. Until then, the Pakistan Army secretly trained a group of Pakistan-supporting madrasa, college and university students. More From Author See More. [3], Archer Blood, the then-consul general of US at Dhaka, wrote in his book The Cruel Birth of Bangladesh, "Fire was started at Rokeya Hall (girls' dormitory) and, when the students tried to escape, the military started firing... On 10 November 1971 some armed criminals attacked Rokeya Hall and kept 30 girls confined for two hours. [1] The Simla Agreement treaty ensured that Pakistan recognized the independence of Bangladesh in exchange for the return of the Pakistani POWs. Professor Rahman's wife escaped because she was not in the country. :211[12], In December 1971, the Provisional Government of Bangladesh had shown their intention to India regarding the war prisoners, creating controversy between the India and Bangladesh, as Bangladeshis wanting to hold the cases on the Pakistani servicemen who would be charge with the crimes against humanity in their special courts, and strongly opposed the Indian Army's plan for transferring of war prisoners. At Jagannath Hall they attacked teachers' residence and harassed Professor Mirja Huda (Economics) and Professor Mofijullah Kabir (History). China even went as far as vetoing Bangladesh’s application to become a member of the United Nations and was one of the last nations in the world to recognize Bangladeshi independence, not doing so until August 31, 1975.[17]. Both of them survived by hiding under beds, but were killed later in the war by the Al-Badr militia. Research & Criticism. Manirujjaman, Professor of Statistics, along with his son and two relatives. The superintendent told him that most of the girls had left the hostel after the disturbances and only 40 students were residing but as a superintendent of a girls' hostel she should not allow them to go to the cantonment for this purpose. [7] This information was taken from the novel "Riffel Roti Awrat" (Rifle, Bread, Women) by Professor Anwar Pasha who was later killed in December. Chief of General Staff (CGS)— Lt Gen Rashad Mahmood 2. At building 11, Md. Historical records and family trees related to Syed Iqbal. [8] The issue of transfer and transportation of war prisoners to India was very controversial between the India and Bangladesh since the Provisional Government of Bangladesh had shown strong resistance and opposition of such act to India as they wanted to bring charges on the war prisoners on the crimes against humanity in their special courts established in Dhaka. Its objective is the transformation of Pakistan into an Islamic state, governed by Sharia law, through a gradual legal, and political process. The Army killed Ex-Provost and famous professor of philosophy Dr Gobindra Chandra Dev with his Muslim adopted daughter's husband. jahan-e-iqbal Syed Moinurrahman Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore 1997 | More Info . As per he information which i got from wiki, Pakistan Army so far has 13 COAS, out of which 11 are Pakistanis, General Sir Frank Messervy (August 15, 1947 - February 10, 1948) General Sir Douglas David Gracey (February 11, 1948 - January 16, 1951) 3) Having failed to arrive at an extra-parliamentary settlement, the military, supported by West Pakistani leaders, intervened on March 25, 1971, to offset the results of Pakistan’s first freely held elections. On 26 December altogether 55 emaciated and half-dead girls on the verge of mental derangement were recovered by the Red Cross with the help of the Mukti Bahini and the allied forces from various hideouts of the Pakistani army in Narayanganj, Dacca Cantonment and other small towns on the periphery of Dacca city. All the dormitories were cleaned to remove any signs of destruction to present a good educational environment at the university to the international community. They also attacked Provost House". https://sites.google.com/site/bdliberationwar1971/sectors-and-sector-commanders The first target of Operation Searchlight was this student hall. The surrender ultimately culminated in the conclusion of liberation efforts in East as India accepts the unilateral ceasefire to end its war efforts in the western theatre on 17 December 1971.:136[3] The surrender was the largest surrender that the World had witnessed since the end of World War II,:17[4][5] with Indian Army taking approximately ~90,000—97,000 Pakistani servicemen as war prisoners in East. The convoy that attacked Jahurul Huq hall initially killed EPR guards guarding the British Council building. General Muhammad Musa Khan Hazara, 4th Army Commander-in-Chief, 4th Governor of West Pakistan and 10th Governor of Balochistan General Sawar Khan , former Vice Chief of Army Staff General Iftikhar Janjua , Hilal-e-Jurat , 1971 war hero of Rann of Kutch operations Major Aslam and his men raided the hostel. The army left around 50 dead bodies, including some police officers (escaped from Rajarbag Police line), Bengali EPR members guarding President House and general people from Nilkhet Basti in the roof of university residential building-23. Disclaimer: The views expressed by the writer are purely their own and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of Story Of Pakistan [4], For known connections with liberation force, Tikka Khan issued arrest orders against many teachers and arrested some of them. Due to the concern of their safety and wellbeing, the war prisoners were transported via train and air, where they were held in the war camps by the Indian Army in different parts of India. Munim around 200 students were killed at this dorm. They allowed him to go but killed Professor Abdul Muktadir (Geology) who was a resident of the same building. [6] Dormitory electrician Chitrabali and eyewitness Rajkumari Devi state that the doctors of Dhaka Medical College Hospital recognised Dr. Guhathakurta and buried him under a tree near Dhaka Medical College morgue. China, despite being a communist nation, was also an ally of Pakistan and did not support the measures India took to have Bangladeshi sovereignty recognized. War at Jagannath Hall by Ratanlal Chakrabarti, Martyrs of Liberation War at Jagannath Hall by Ratanlal Chakrabarti, "Riffle Roti Awrat": Professor Anwar Pasha. Assistant house tutor Anudoipayon Bhattacharja was also killed at that dorm. The Pakistani prisoners of war during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 were the servicemen deployed in the Eastern Command of the Pakistan armed forces who were held in by the Indian Army. This is why the Army failed to arrest anyone. So, around 5–6 were killed there. Role of Overseas: Bengalees in the Liberation Struggle of Bangladesh, Abdul Matin; Learn how and when to remove this template message, Recipients of Bangladeshi military awards in 1971, Artistic depictions of Bangladesh Liberation War, Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology, Institute of Statistical Research and Training, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1971_Dhaka_University_massacre&oldid=994119156, Massacres committed by Pakistan in East Pakistan, Articles needing additional references from May 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 December 2020, at 04:39. Some students of Jagannath Hall were resident of Ramna Kali Bari. The soldiers broke open the doors, dragged the girls out and stripped them before raping and torturing them in front of the helpless superintendent. F orty-nine years ago, in 1971, India imposed a crushing defeat on Pakistan — the country was split into two. His body was found at Jahurul Huq Hall (then Iqbal Hall). In March 1971, the Pakistani Armed Forces chief General Yahya Khan launched Operation Searchlight to curb the Bengali nationalist movement. :211[12] During the early phases of the surrender, Lieutenant-General Jagjit Singh Aurora allowed the Pakistani servicemen their right to bear small arms for their protection against the insurgents of Mukti Bahini who were seeking their revenge on Pakistani servicemen. Both were knighted for services to the British Empire (respectively in 1888 and 1923), both advocated purdah and had strongly traditional … [1], The overwhelming majority of war prisoners were officers, most of them were in the Army and Navy, while relatively small number of Air Force and Marines; others in larger number were being served in the paramilitary. Soon after the superintendent informed a higher army officer in the cantonment, over the telephone, of the Major' s mission. [8], After conceding defeat and accession of the instrument of surrender in 1971, the Indian Army took the responsibility to protect the Pakistan's joint servicemen in East-Pakistan. :211[8][12] Dr. Abu Muhammah Habibullah was terminated. [16] Soviet backing ensured that the states in the U.S.S.R.’s sphere of influence, including Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania all recognized Bangladesh’s independence. Anjuman Taraqqi Urdu (Hind), Delhi . Solaiman Khan, Md. Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898) and Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) are described in Pakistani schoolbooks as the first Muslim leaders who stressed Hindu-Muslim separateness. If Pakistan was a religion, Iqbal would be a prophet. Perhaps the army had little hope of obtaining the capitulation of Pakistan’s elected representatives. The Non-cooperation movement was organised under the banner of "Independent Bangladesh Students Movement Council" from Jahrul Hoque hall of Dhaka University. In December, it became clear to the Pakistan government that it would lose the war. Preston, Ian; Rowe, Annamarie (2001). Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898) and Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) are described in Pakistani schoolbooks as the first Muslim leaders who stressed Hindu-Muslim separateness. From the conversation of military control room and army unit 88, a total of 300 students death was estimated."[8]. RAWALPINDI: 40 brigadiers of the Pakistan Army were promoted to the rank of major general, Inter Services Public Relations (ISPR) said on Wednesday. [1] From 1971 till 1972, the Indian Army quickly transferred the war prisoners to their special war camps in different parts of India through train and air transportation, mainly due to prisoners safety and wellbeing. They attacked and killed Dr. A.N.M. He was made VC of Dhaka University. According to Professor Dr. K.M. jahan-e-iqbal. Pak Army dealt with Bangalis in the same way as they are dealing Baluchis. The U.S. saw India’s actions as threatening especially since India had just became a nuclear power and maintained close military ties with the U.S.S.R. University teachers who helped the Pakistan government included Dr. Hasan Zaman, Dr. Mohar Ali, Dr. A. K. M. Abdur Rahman, Dr. Abdul Bari, Dr. Mukbul Hossain, Dr. Saifuddin Joarder. The Pakistani plan for a military action which commenced on March 25, 1971 in the then East Pakistan was code-named Operation Searchlight.This is the Operation Searchlight order of battle which was outlined on March 19, 1971 by Major General Khadim Hussain Raja, GOC 14th infantry division, and Major General Rao Farman Ali in the GHQ of Pakistan Army in Dhaka, (then)East Pakistan. Baba-e-Urdu 1976. At present, the army has 1 full general, 26 lieutenant generals and around 150 major generals. Biography. [2], Professor Fajllur Rahman and his two relatives were killed at building 23 situated at Nilkhet. As the forces of war increased until September, attendance in the classes also increased. The army went into preparatory work on the genocide as early as February 1971 when, as Dr. M.A. When Jagannath Hall, a student dormitory for minority Hindu students, was attacked, university staff quarters were also affected. Smarting with this humiliation, and earlier experiences of 1947 and 1965, Pakistan realised that it could not match up to India in conventional terms. Syed Irtiza Abbas Shaheed was keen to join Pakistan army since childhood. Hasan notes in ‘Beyond Denial: The Evidence of a Genocide’, “On February 22nd 1971, General Yahya, General Hamid, General Pirzada, General Mitha, General Tikka Khan and General Iftekhar Janjua set down the operational plans for the genocide. ed. In early March the vice-chancellor Justice Abu Sayed Chowdhury was at Geneva joining "United Nations Humanitarian Conference". 174. Review. https://dailytimes.com.pk/517980/genocide-in-1971-pakistan-india-war Armed with heavy weapons such as tanks, automatic rifles, rocket launchers, heavy mortars, and light machine guns, they encircled Dhaka University from east (unit 41), from south (unit 88) and from north (unit 26). Many guests of students who were at those dorms were also killed, including Helal of Bhairab college, Babul Paul of Bajitpur College, Baddruddojha of Jagannath Hall, Jibon Sarkar, Mostaq, Bacchu and Amar of Netrokona. As part of the … Shurtleff, William; Aoyagi, Akiko (2010) (in en). All other non-Bengali families did the same without informing others.[4]. Just as Syed Ahmed Khan had done, Iqbal too saw the Muslims of India as a separate cultural entity. At least 85 people were intentionally murdered in Ramna Kali Temple before it was demolished. As a result, the U.N. was quick to accept Bangladesh’s independence. [5] Professor Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta the provost of Jagannath Hall was severely injured by the Army attack and died in the hospital later. All exams were postponed due to the national crisis. However, on 7 October at about 8 pm. [14], In India, the war is rightly remembered for the ethos of the Indian Army that took one of the biggest surrenders of the modern history of mankind and yet stuck to an honourable code of conduct. The convoy that attacked Shahid Minar and Bangla Academy also attacked Shahidullah hall, associated teachers' houses, and the home of Madhushudhan De. An army is known for its treatment meted out to the vanquished. In 1971 there were two strong military establishments near Rokeya hall, it was impossible to attack university Girls' Hostel without their knowledge for two hours.[8]. At the verge of the December war Al-Badar members came out and selectively killed Bengali professors, doctors, engineers and many other intellectuals. In seven days after liberation about 300 girls were recovered from different places around Dacca where they had been taken away and kept confined by the Pakistani army men. [3] Archer Blood, the then-consul general of US at Dhaka, wrote in his book The Cruel Birth of Bangladesh, "Fire was started at Rokeya Hall (girls' dormitory) and, when the students tried to escape, the military started firing. The Role of Allama Iqbal, Creation of Pakistan, Justice Syed Shamim Hussain Qadri, Rawalpindi, Army Book Club, 1983. From the March 1971, the Pakistani military's Eastern Command under its commander Lieutenant-General A.A.K. Among them only the name of Ramonimohon Bhattacharjee is known. Herrick, Christopher; Gai, Zheya; Subramaniam, Surain (2016) (in en). The Pakistan Army also attacked the house of Professor Anwar Pasha and Professor Rashidul Hassan (English Department). Spain was long gone. In March 1971, the Pakistani Armed Forces chief General Yahya Khan launched Operation Searchlight to curb the Bengali nationalist movement. [1] These ~90,000–97,000 war prisoners were slowly released by India who were repatriated at the Zero Point, Wagah, and the Line of Control (LoC). :212[12] Later, the commanders were held in Jabalpur Cantonment. Chief of Logistics Staff (CLS) — Lt Gen Muhammad Haroon Aslam 3. Nurul Islam, Md Hafizuddin, Md. Niazi, started military deployment to provide the defence of borders linked with India against a possible penetration by the Indian Army. Dissatisfied, Major Aslam went away. Deewan-e-Ghalib 2000. Revered as the spiritual founders of Pakistan, they share many commonalities. Professor Abdur Razzak (political scientist and later National Professor of Bangladesh) was sentenced in absentia to 14 years in jail for supporting the Bengali Independence movement.[11]. They entered through north and south gate and indiscriminately targeted students in each room, killing around 34 students at that time. Inspector General Arms (IGA) — 4. … He was buried at Paltan by his relatives. At Number 12 Fuller Road, the Army called on Sayed Ali Noki (Professor Social Science). Commander, Pakistan Army Southern Command (Commander XII Corps), Quetta Colonel Commandant Azad Kashmir Regiment Hilal-i-Imtiaz (Military) Tamgha-e-Basalat (Military) 25 Nov 2024 Designated and active Three-Star Officer from the Medical Corps. Contributor. [13] In 1973, majority of the war prisoners were then shifted to Red Fort and Gwalior Fort in New Delhi. [1], The intentions for retreating from their eastern wing by Yahya administration in Pakistan was conveyed to the United Nations on 10 December 1971,[2] and a formal surrender was submitted and accepted when the Commander of Eastern Command and Governor of East Pakistan, Lieutenant-General A.A.K. General Mohammad Iqbal Khan (Urdu:اقبال خان‬; NI(m), SI(m), SBt), was a retired four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army who served as the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee from being appointed in 1980 until 1984.. [15], The foreign reaction to India’s taking of these 90,000 POWs varied from nation to nation. Professor Pasha wrote this famous Bengali novel during the nine-month war period of 1971. In an article in the Pakistani daily The News, in connection with Pakistan's Independence Day on August 14, 2009, veteran Pakistani journalist Syed Jawaid Iqbal called for fundamentally redefining the Pakistani nation by separating religion from public life. Professors A R Khan Khadim and Sharafat Ali of the Mathematics department were killed in Dhaka Hall. When Dhaka University reopened on 2 July 1971, teachers who collaborated with the Pakistani army gathered at Nawab Abdul Gani Road to build up a list of intellectuals who supported the Independence movement. He immediately wrote his resignation letter to State's Education Secretary and fled to London leaving the conference. There he worked for Bangladeshi liberation. As many students had joined the Mukti Bahini (Liberation Forces), they blasted hand grenades near the university and quickly entered classes. :214[12] Before the war prisoners were repatriated, Pakistan and India had to sign the Simla Agreement in 1972 but it was not until 1974 when the Delhi Agreement was signed that marked the repatriation. READ NOW # Research & Criticism. The Mughal Empire was dead. [12] After the independence of Bangladesh, he became the country's second president. Syed Iqbal. The Soviet Union supported both the armies of Bangladesh and India and thus supported Bangladesh’s unwaveringly. The Principal Staff Officers (PSO's) assisting him in his duties at the Lieutenant Generallevel include: 1. Following are some excerpts from the article, entitled "Rethinking Pakistan," in the original English. :211 During the early phases of the surrender, Lieutenant-General Jagjit Singh Aurora allowed the Pakistani servicemen their right to bear small arms for their protection against the insurgents of Mukti Bahini who were seeking their revenge on Pakistani servicemen. Pakistan Army fetched Dr. Syed Sajjad Hussain the then VC of Rajshahi University in their convoy. As part of the operation, Pakistani forces attacked Dhaka University. :211 In December 1971, the Provisional Government of Bangladesh had shown th… 93,000 Pakistani troops surrender | Rare footage of 1971 india pak war | Pak Troops Surrender Due to retire on 29 November 2019. Rasgotra, Maharajakrishna (2016) (in en). Pages . Ian, Preston. Sadeq, a teacher of University Laboratory School, was killed. Military Governor of East Pakistan Tikka Khan officially warned Professor Munir Chowdhury, Professor Nilima Ibrahim, Professor Shirajul Islam Chowdhury, and Professor Enamul Hoque. The Chief of the Army Staff (COAS), formerly called the Commander in Chief (C in C), is challenged with the responsibility of commanding the Pakistani Army. After 12 o'clock the army entered Jagannath Hall and initially attacked the hall with mortars and began non-stop firing. Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), (Urdu: جماعتِ اسلامی, "Islamic Congress"), or simply known as Jamaat, is an Islamist political party based in Pakistan and the Pakistani successor to Jamaat-e-Islami, which was founded in colonial India in 1941. The United States however, was an ally of Pakistan both materially and politically, and as a result they did not support India’s taking of 90,000 Pakistani POWs. Barring exceptions for some major generals, all others have been listed here. Bhutan became the second country after India to recognize Bangladesh’s independence and did so with no issues. Staff writers, Contributors and Editors (1 June 2003). Two wounded women with their children stayed in the entrance of the building for some time. As a result of Soviet support, all nations that were part of the Warsaw Pact also recognized Bangladesh’s independence. General Zubair Mahmood Hayat, NI(M), Arty — Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC), JS HQ. :513[5][6][7] Professor K. M. Munim (English Literature), the house tutor of Salimullah Student Hall, was injured at Salimullah Hall. [3] Professor Rafiqul Islam (Bangla Literature Department) was in building 24. Iqbal came to prominence in a time when the Muslim World was in apparent decline. And Editors ( 1 June 2003 ) of 1971 Economics ) and Professor Mofijullah Kabir ( history ) Huda Economics... 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