The treaty, which liquidated the Ottoman Empire and virtually abolished Turkish sovereignty, greatly angered the Turkish. — The present Treaty, in French, in English, and in Italian, shall be ratified. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. 10 August, 1920. Sèvres, Treaty of (1920) Peace treaty between Turkey and its European opponents in World War I that imposed harsh terms on the Ottoman Sultan. . . . From Wikisource < Treaty of Sèvres. balfour declaration (1917); U.S. president Woodrow Wilson came with his Fourteen Points. ." Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). (never adopted, superseded by the Treaty of Lausanne). Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Signed at Sevres - August 10, 1920 Note: Includes Peace Treaty of Versailles 28 June, 1919. In addition to the big three, representatives of other concerned nations and groups came to the peace negotiations, including the Hijazis, Armenians, Greeks, Italians, and Zionists. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Take advantage of our Presidents' Day bonus! English: The Treaty of Sèvres of 10 August 1920 was intended to finalise World War I for the Ottoman Empire. The state of Iraq was formed under British tutelage, with the province of Mosul attached to those of Baghdad and Basra. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. They saw the terms as punitive and argued that the people of … Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sevres-treaty-1920, Reguer, Sara "Sèvres, Treaty of (1920) Encyclopedia.com. The Treaty of Sèvres (10 August 1920) was the peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War I. ." It was not accepted by the Turkish nationalists led by Atatürk, who fought a war for Turkish independence (1919–22). Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. This version compiled from the version published by the Brigham Young University Library. Amiens, Treaty of sykes–picot agreement (1916). The treaty abolished the Ottoman Empire and obliged Turkey to renounce all rights over Arab Asia and North Africa. . However, it was a shock to the world when the treaty said the Allies were in agreement keeping the Ottoman Government of Constantinople,which remained the capital of the Ottoman Empire, thoug… Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. Here much of the Ottoman Empire was partitioned among the British, French, Greeks, and Armenians. The treaty, never ratified, was superseded by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923). The pact also provided for an independent Armenia, for an autonomous Kurdistan, and for a Greek presence in eastern Thrace and on the Anatolian west coast, as well as Greek control over the Aegean islands commanding the Dardanelles. Treaty of Sèvres, (August 10, 1920), post-World War I pact between the victorious Allied powers and representatives of the government of Ottoman Turkey. Retrieved January 12, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sevres-treaty. The article quoted Turkey’s Energy Minister Fatih Dönmez calling for the renegotiation of the 1923 Lausanne Treaty which set the borders of Greece and Turkey. Arabia was recognized as independent and a British protectorate over Egypt was acknowledged. Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. World Encyclopedia. Article 29 7399 (1977), Trebelli, Zélia (real name, Gloria Caroline Gillebert), https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sevres-treaty-1920, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sevres-treaty, Treaties, Negotiation and Ratification of. Hurewitz, J. C., ed. This agreement had … ." II, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, 1924.) The Treaty of Sèvres was one of a series of treaties signed by the Central Powers after World War One. This treaty primarily abolished the empire and eradicated Turkish sovereignty. 12 Jan. 2021 . Prior to the treaty of Lausanne, “Treaty of Sevres” was concluded in 1920 that gave independence to most of the non-Turkish nationalities in the Ottoman Empire. Treaty of Sevres, post-World War I pact between the victorious Allied powers and representatives of the government of Ottoman Turkey that was signed on August 10, 1920. At the end of 1919, British troops in Syria were replaced by French troops, giving the Arabs the impression that the Sykes–Picot Agreement would be upheld. The Treaty of Sevres, 1920 (from: The Treaties of Peace 1919-1923, Vol. In May 1919 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the victor of Gallipoli was appointed by the Sultan to command what remained of the army. Italiano: Il trattato di Sèvres è stato il trattato di pace firmato tra le potenze alleate della Prima guerra mondiale e l'Impero ottomano il 10 agosto 1920 presso la città francese di Sèvres. Sèvres, Treaty of, 1920, peace treaty concluded after World War I at Sèvres, France, between the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), on the one hand, and the Allies (excluding Russia and the United States) on the other. Each nation and group came with its own agenda. The Treaty of Sèvres, imposed on the Ottoman government, was never ratified—because of internal Turkish affairs—namely the rise to power of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the overthrow of the Ottoman sultan. World War I ended in the Middle East with the signing of the Mudros armistice by the Ottoman Empire on 30 October 1918; but the Middle East was only a small concern of the overall peace negotiations held in France in 1919—German issues took precedence. France gained mandate of Lebanon and Syria. THE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN THE ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS AND TURKEY SIGNED AT SEVRES AUGUST 10, 1920 THE BRITISH EMPIRE, FRANCE, ITALY AND JAPAN, These Powers being described in the present Treaty as the Principal Allied Powers; Reguer, Sara "Sèvres, Treaty of (1920) "Sèvres, Treaty of Listen to the audio pronunciation of Treaty of Sevres on pronouncekiwi. These included British-controlled sea and land routes to India and assurance that no other power be given important strategic areas. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Sevres, History Learning Site - The Treaty of Sevres, How Stuff Works - History - Treaty of Sevres. Besides massive territorial losses, the Ottoman Empire was forbidden from holding an army greater t Section II, Annex II, and Articles 261 - 433. Peace treaty signed by Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire after World War I. In case of differences between the text and the map, the text will prevail. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. The puropse of the Treaty was to divide the Ottoman Empire and its territories. A treaty, part of the Versailles Peace Settlement, signed between the Allies and Turkey, effectively marking the end of the Ottoman empire. By this treaty, the Ottoman sultan recognized that his Arab provinces were cut off from his empire. 922 (1850), Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water, Treatments and Therapies for Asperger's Syndrome, Treatment: History of, in the United States, Treatment, History of, in The United States, Treatment Programs, Centers, and Organizations: an Historical Perspective, Treatment Programs, Centers, and Organizations: A Historical Perspective, Treatment Outcome Prospective Study (TOPS), Treaty on the Execution OF Penal Sentences 24 U.S.T. In Palestine, anti-Jewish riots broke out. Lewis, Bernard. (January 12, 2021). Updates? The treaty, which liquidated the Ottoman Empire and virtually abolished Turkish sovereignty, followed in the main the decisions reached at San Remo. He Treaty of Sèvres It was a peace treaty that, despite having been signed after the end of the First World War, was not ratified by the signatory parties. Navigation menu. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics: A Documentary Record, 2d edition. It also created an autonomous Kurdish zone and granted Armenia independence. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Its Middle Eastern Territories were handed to British and the French as League of Nations mandate. The full text of the treaty is available at Brigham Young University's World War I Document Archive. Also called the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, this treaty ended the War of Austrian Succession (1740–1748),…, Treaty of Paris However in reality the Treaty was essentially worthless as it was the Nationalists, not the Ottomans, who now ruled Turkey. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It ordered the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, which led to its ultimate annihilation. The Treaty of Sèvres, signed on 10 August 1920, set out the terms of the partition of the Ottoman Empire’s territories following its defeat in World War I. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. The Treaty of Sevres is a legal, interstate agreement which is de facto still in force because this document became the base for other documents, which derived from it, for determining the status of a number of Middle East countries after WWI or more recently, among them Syria (currently Syria-Lebanon) and Mesopotamia (currently Iraq-Kuwait), Palestine (currently Israel and Palestinian … It is named after the French city in which the winning countries of the First World War met on August 10, 1920. (January 12, 2021). ." World Encyclopedia. This prepared the way for a peace settlement with the Ottoman Empire—and the Treaty of Sèvres was signed on 10 August 1920. Encyclopedia.com. Many Turks were resentful of the treaty and wanted to end Ottoman governance. The treaty abolished the Ottoman Empire and obliged Turkey to renounce all rights over Arab Asia and North Africa. A former U.S. diplomat tweeted that it is worth looking “at restoring the Treaty of Sèvres.” Alberto Miguel Fernandez, a former U.S. diplomat, made the comment in a retweet of an Ahval article.. First, the Treaty of Sevres came in the aftermath of World War I – one of the most dramatic chapters in human history – almost two years after its end. Just as the Treaty of Versailles established peace in Europe, in the same way, the Treaty of Sevres was meant to bring peace to the former Western Asian territories of the Ottoman Empire. The Treaty of Sèvres (French : Traité de Sèvres) in 1920 was designed to liquidate the Ottoman Empire and virtually abolished Turkish sovereignty. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Section I, Articles 1 - 260. lausanne, treaty of (1923); https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sevres-treaty, "Sèvres, Treaty of The frontiers described by the present Treaty are traced on the one in a million maps attached to the present Treaty. The Treaty of Sevres was agreed upon and signed at the San Remo Conference . Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. He also hoped for dominance over the Turkish Straits and perhaps over what would become Turkey. Treaty of Sevres Ottoman Turkey was the last of the Central Powers to sign a treaty with the victorious Allies, surrendering much of its Middle Eastern empire to the British, French, Greeks, and Armenians. It was signed on June 4, 1920, at the Trianon Palace at Versailles, France. 12 Jan. 2021 . By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. World Encyclopedia. No permanent decision were made in 1919 in this atmosphere of claims and counterclaims. Great Britain, Italy and France signed it for the victorious Allies. ." Retrieved from "https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Peace_Treaty_of_Sèvres&oldid=7720". A treaty is an agreement in written form between nati…, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 9 Stat. Britain and France immediately moved into their respective spheres, although the League of Nations mandates did not become effective until 1923. The Emergence of Modern Turkey, 3d edition. Omissions? Palestine, including both sides of the Jordan river, became a British mandate as well, and the (pro-Zionist) Balfour Declaration of 1917 was written into it. The common theme was the sick man of Europe had come to his own end. The Treaty of Versailles was signed with the German Empire before this treaty to annul the German concessions including the economic rights and enterprises. British prime minister David Lloyd George, while mouthing all the proper slogans about goodwill to Middle Eastern peoples, was there to advance the interests of the British Empire. Rejected by the new Turkish nationalist regime, the Treaty of Sèvres was replaced by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. The USA was also an observer during the conference. A preliminary treaty b…, Negotiated and signed in 1794, Jay's Treaty attempted to resolve several diplomatic and commercial issues between the United States and Great Britain…, Treaty Treaty of Trianon, (1920), treaty concluding World War I and signed by representatives of Hungary on one side and the Allied Powers on the other. Sèvres was imposed by the Allies of World War I … Syria and Iraq became provisionally independent under the newly created mandate system—with Syria to be under the French and to include Alexandretta, Aleppo, Damascus, and Beirut; France could deal with King Faisal as it wished. Peace treaty concluded in 10th of August 1920 after World War I at Sèvres - France, between the Ottoman Empire on one hand, and the Allies (excluding Russia and the United States) on the other. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Treaty of Sèvres by the Allied Powers and Turkey Signatures. Britain realized that a treaty for the Middle East could no longer be postponed and in April 1920 met with France in San Remo, Italy, to forge an agreement on their points of difference. 2 vols. Corrections? The Treaty of Sèvres territorially carved up the ‘Sick Man of Europe’. The Treaty of Sèvres (French: Traité de Sèvres) was a 1920 treaty signed between the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire.The treaty ceded large parts of Ottoman territory to France, the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy and created large occupation zones within the Ottoman Empire. ." Encyclopedia.com. By July 1919, Atatürk had resigned from the army and was leading a nationalist movement against the occupying force with the intent of ending the Ottoman sultanate and founding a democratic, secular nation-state free from external interference. Russia was excluded from the process and by 1920 America had withdrawn into a policy of isolation. Encyclopedia.com. "Sèvres, Treaty of Thus the treaty became obsolete and final arrangements were put off until the Treaty of Lausanne, signed in 1923. see also Section I, Articles 1-260 THE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN THE ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS AND TURKEY SIGNED AT SEVRES The Treaty of Sevres was drawn up at the San Remo conference, which dealt with the fate of the Ottoman Empire, in April 1920. However, the Turks rejected this treaty and fought a fierce war against allies until they achieved a great victory over them, especially on Greece during the 1922-1923 war. Under the terms of th…, The Treaty of Versailles was the agreement negotiated during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 that ended world war i and imposed disarmament, repar…, AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, TREATY OF (18 October 1748). Thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet. After the First World War, the victorious Allies met in the Paris suburb of Sèvres to decide the fate of the Ottoman Empire. The leaders of France, Britain, and the United States had stated their differing objectives with respect to the Ottoman Empire during the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. French president Georges Clemenceau, compensating for heavy French troop losses, adamantly adhered to each wartime agreement signed by the Allies that would give France a hold on Syria and southern Anatolia. Retrieved January 12, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sevres-treaty-1920. . The Treaty of Sèvres was signed on August 10 th 1920 after more than fifteen months was spent on drawing it up. Signed between the Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire at Sèvres on 10 August 1920, the Treaty of Sèvres promised to maintain the existence of the Armenian republic and to attach the former territories of Ottoman Armenia to it. Germany's shares of the Turkish petroleum Company went to France, and Britain got oil-pipeline transit rights across Syria. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan were in attendance as well. Reguer, Sara "Sèvres, Treaty of (1920) Historical Map of South & Southwest Asia (10 August 1920 - Treaty of Sèvres: The seizure of Arab Syria cemented France's claim to the region just in time for the Treaty of Sèvres the following month. Control over the Straits went to an international commission. A compact made between two or more independent nations with a view to the publicwelfare. . sister projects: Wikipedia article. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. The Arab Syrian Congress elected Faisal ibn Hussein as king of Syria and his brother Abdullah I ibn Hussein as king of Iraq and tensions rose in Iraq and Egypt. The Sèvres Treaty was replaced by the Treaty of Lausanne and most of the lands Turkey lost in Anatolia and eastern Thrace was returned to Turkish rule. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1975-79. The Allies’ presentation of their terms for peace with Hungary was delayed Sign in to disable ALL ads. The treaty of paris of 1783 ended the war of independence and granted the thirteen colonies political freedom. Britain gained mandate of Iraq and Palestine. The Peace Treaty of Sèvres. The Napoleonic wars had reached a point where France and England concluded that further fighting was useless. Treaty of Sèvres/Part II.

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